acceleration voltage वाक्य
उदाहरण वाक्य
मोबाइल
- Acceleration voltages of up to 200 kV are achievable.
- On the other hand, intense sources are more difficult to make and higher acceleration voltages are needed for a given range.
- Because the transverse deflection can be described with polar coordinates, one may define a deflection or polarization angle using the transverse acceleration voltage components.
- For the special case of an electrostatic field that is surpassed by a particle, the acceleration voltage is directly given by integrating the electric field along its path.
- RF cavities can also manipulate charged particles passing through them by application of acceleration voltage and are thus used in particle accelerators and microwave vacuum tubes such as klystrons and magnetrons.
- The "'time-independent shunt impedance "', \ scriptstyle R _ 0, with the time-independent acceleration voltage \ scriptstyle V _ 0 is defined:
- When a particle is deflected in transverse direction, the definition of the shunt impedance can be used with substitution of the ( longitudinal ) acceleration voltage by the transverse effective acceleration voltage, taking into account transversal Coulomb " and"
- When a particle is deflected in transverse direction, the definition of the shunt impedance can be used with substitution of the ( longitudinal ) acceleration voltage by the transverse effective acceleration voltage, taking into account transversal Coulomb " and"
- The acceleration voltage is used to determine the energy of the electrons; lower-energy ones are absorbed in the top layer of the phosphor, while some of the higher-energy ones shoot through and are absorbed in the lower layer.
- The longitudinal "'effective acceleration voltage "'is given by the kinetic energy gain experienced by a particle with velocity \ beta c along a defined straight path ( path integral of the longitudinal Lorentz forces ) divided by its charge,
- The design is based on criteria that allow operation at very high beam intensities : an open structure of four large and powerful RF-cavities providing a high acceleration voltage, and a flat-top cavity operating at the third harmonic of the accelerating RF-voltage.
- Where ? is the deflection angle, k is a deflection constant, V p is the wire voltage ( + V p on one wire set and-V p on the other ), and V 0 is the ion acceleration voltage in eV . The deflection constant k can be calculated by
- The terms \ Delta I _ \ text { obj } / I _ \ text { obj } and \ Delta V _ \ text { acc } / V _ \ text { acc } represent instabilities in of the total current in the magnetic lenses and the acceleration voltage . \ Delta E / V _ \ text { acc } is the energy spread of electrons emitted by the source.
- The above effects can be approximated by a simple two-gaussian model where a perfect point-like electron beam is broadened to a superposition of a Gaussian with a width \ alpha of a few nanometers to order tens of nanometers, depending on the acceleration voltage, due to forward scattering and a Gaussian with a width \ beta of the order of a few micrometers to order tens due to backscattering, again depending on the acceleration voltage but also on the materials involved:
- The above effects can be approximated by a simple two-gaussian model where a perfect point-like electron beam is broadened to a superposition of a Gaussian with a width \ alpha of a few nanometers to order tens of nanometers, depending on the acceleration voltage, due to forward scattering and a Gaussian with a width \ beta of the order of a few micrometers to order tens due to backscattering, again depending on the acceleration voltage but also on the materials involved:
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